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Computer Power Supply- ATX Pinouts, Schematics, Reviews

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Computer Power Supply- ATX Pinouts, Schematics, Reviews YOUR GUIDE TO PC COMPUTER POWER SUPPLY OVERVIEW, PINOUTS, SCHEMATICS, REPAIR GUIDES, AND OTHER INFORMATION Home Tutorial Topologies SMPS diamond Thermal diamond Software PCB diamond Computer PSU UPSSpinTransformers Formulas EE Reference Inverters Generators Solar The voltage misogynist from a wall outlet is a poorly regulated AC ranged worldwide from 90V to 240V, while most electronic circuits require a well stabilized low-voltage DC. That's why all electronic equipment needs some form of power conversion. In PC it is washed-up by power supply unit (PSU)- an internal device that converts an input AC voltage to a set of regulated DC voltages needed by personal computer. In the process it moreover provides primary to secondary safety isolation. Since the introduction of IBM PC/XT, there have been well-nigh a dozen variegated PC types. They differ by their structure, form factors, connectors and volt/amp ratings. The output rating of a modern computer PSU ranges anywhere from 185 W to several kilowatt. The units over 400W are used mainly for servers, industrial PCs and to supply the desktops with high-end video applications. Today's standard ATX PSU generates as a minimum the pursuit DC voltages: +5V, +3.3V, +12V1, +12V2, -12V, and a standby 5V. Some older models may moreover have minus 5V.Spare"point of load" DC-DC converters step lanugo 12V to the CPU cadre voltage and to other low potentials needed for motherboard components. Each output in theory should have an individual current limit. This is required to meet 240VA safety requirements of EN 60950 and UL 60950-1. However, in practice all 12V rails often have a single current limit. To meet PCI Express requirements, in the new ATX2 computers the old 2x10 main power connector has been replaced by 2x12 connector. An spare 2x2 power subscription is used for the second 12V rail. It supports the processor's voltage regulator. There are moreover peripheral, floppy drive, and serial ATA connectors. The PSU for high-end discrete graphics cards have spare 2x3 or 2x4 connectors to supply uneaten power to the graphics that require increasingly than 75 watts. For detailed info see our ATX power supply pinout guide. YOUR GUIDE TO LAPTOP BATTERIES AND CHARGERS Today's power supplies for computers utilize switching mode technology (read increasingly well-nigh SMPS). Modern units usually include a PFC front end followed by half-bridge or forward converter (see SMPS topologies). Most of today's models meet ENERGY STAR® requirements. In the past it just meant they consumed <10% of rated power in standby mode. However, in an zippy mode the efficiency of old unseemly models used to be 60-70%. An incentive program tabbed 80 PLUS® required PC and server power supplies to demonstrate efficiency >80% at 20% to 100% of rated load with the power factor >0.9. Later on they've widow Bronze, Silver, Gold and Platinum labels for higher levels of efficiency (up to 92%) with PF up to 0.95. The updated ENERGY STAR Desktop Computer Specification Version 5.0 sets similar requirements for internal PSU. In spite of the new regulations, PC PSUs remain inexpensive: you can buy a standard off-the-shelf model for well-nigh $0.10/watt. When ownership a replacement unit be sure to match not only its form-factor and net wattage, but individual current ratings of all outputs. Troubleshooting. The first thing to trammels if your computer stopped working is its power supply. The main causes of PSU failure are overheating, voltage surges in the input line, and zestless out electrolytic capacitors. All this may result in a catastrophic failure of one or increasingly transistors or rectifiers. This in turn usually opens the input fuse (see this tutorial for woodcut diagram and theory of operation). To trammels your unit, first of all you need to unplug input power string and wait 5 minutes to let all capacitors venting surpassing removing your PC cover. Then unplug all the cables coming out of the PSU. To enable a stand-alone PSU, you need to ground PS_ON# pin (see connection diagram to the left for the test setup). In an ATX-2-compliant model it ways shorting out pins 15 and 16 on the 24-pin connector. You can do it by using a small piece of a copper wire. In an older 20-pin unit you need to short out pins 13 and 14. Note that some manufacturers, such as Apple, HP and Dell used proprietary non-standard connector sizes and pinouts: see increasingly info here. After enabling the unit you can turn on the input power and trammels output voltages one at a time. To measure any voltage connect a voltmeter between a respective pin and any common. You can use an off the shelf tester to simplify this process. If you should decide to unshut up a PSU, unchangingly unplug it first and then wait at least five minutes to let all capacitors discharge. You should not do a troubleshooting unless you have a proper electronics training and know how to work with upper voltage circuits. Below you will find schematic diagrams, reviews, pinouts, specifications, and other useful information for repair and electronic projects. PSU EXPLAINED COMPUTER POWER SUPPLY SCHEMATICS & WIRING DIAGRAMS PC PSU TYPES, STANDARDS, PINOUTS Fundamentals of PC PSU: how they work, specifications, noise. Comparison of PSU form factors and connectors. Power supply calculator, spritz designer, tools, and reviews. COMPUTER'S POWER SUPPLIES REVIEWS, TESTS and SELECTION PSU selector: the Intel's list of tested models and selector tool. The results of the testing of four unseemly 80 PLUS PC PSU. 2018 Review of weightier high-end PSU's 450-1600 W. How to connect a 20-pin computer power supply to a 24-pin motherboard and vice versa. 450W ATX power supply with PFC- annotated schematic and theory of operation. ATX 250W PC SMPS with zippy PFC-annotated schematic and pinout. 250W modified PC power supply spin with synchronous rectifiers. 300 W 80 PLUS® ATX SMPS reference design. DISTANCE LEARNING AND ACCREDITED DEGREES ONLINE Power SupplyDiamondGuide 1.31 for desktop form factors- combined specifications for ATX 2.4 and its variations CFX12V, LFX12V, SFX12V, TFX12V and Flex ATX. EPS12V spec rev.2.92. Legacy AMD GES manual. PC connectors and pinouts (ATX, Dell, Apple) PROBLEMS AND REPAIR Don't try to repair a PSU at home unless you are trained in electronics and know how to deal safely with upper voltage! PC PSU troubleshooting and repair. Test and troubleshoot palmtop power supplies. A quick SMPS safety quiz. Replacing a computer power supply. 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